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https://isimarkets.com/wp-content/uploads/E688AAE5B18F2026-01-192018.49.44.png1542940随着特朗普介入并试图接管马杜罗政权，委内瑞拉成为全球焦点新闻。能源市场正在审视这个昔日原油超级大国恢复供应的可能性。历史上，委内瑞拉与美国能源产业紧密交织，这与美国国内产量与炼油能力之间的错配现象密切相关。墨西哥湾沿岸的炼油设施最初专为精炼高硫“重质”委内瑞拉原油而建。在美国实现能源独立前，这些原油经加勒比海运往美国。这些复杂炼油厂建设成本高昂，但建成后具有战略优势：能够折价采购委内瑞拉重质原油并实现盈利精炼。委内瑞拉重质原油尤其适合生产柴油。（而美国页岩繁荣，产出的“轻质”原油相对更适合精炼汽油。）本文绘制了美国